I have been reading a book by F.F. Bruce called “Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free”. While I am only a chapter or two into the book, I am struck by the author’s descriptions of Cilicia and Tarsus, the region and city of Saul birthplace. Although the books author did not say this (at least so far in my reading), I am beginning to realize the position, education, breeding etc of Paul’s family life and what he gave up.
The city of Saul’s birth had a LONG history before he was born. On the order of almost 2 millennia. It was exempt from Roman taxes by Augustus Caesar. They prided themselves on a long and deep love of culture and Tarsus was a center of education that rivaled Athens and Alexandria. Bruce equated Tarsus to a “university” town, similar to what we have in many areas of the world. Paul would have received a Jewish education, one common to his era but because of his status, (see next paragraph) it would have been deeper. Because of the surroundings he could have easily have learned a great deal about the Greek and Roman culture.
Paul himself was a Roman citizen, something that not many in Tarsus would have achieved. It is likely that the family of Paul would have been part of the wealthy elite of the area, certainly one of the wealthy Jewish elite.
For Paul to have traveled to Israel at an early age to study with the rabbi’s, such as Gamaliel, he would have had to have shown great aptitude in his studies. By the time of his being part of the party of the Pharisees, his education and training would have been on a world-class level.
Yet, after Saul’s encounter with Yeshua on the road to Damascus, he was willing to give it all up to follow the Lord. For me it helps explain a statement Paul makes in his writings:
If anyone else thinks he has reason for confidence in the flesh, I have more: 5 circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the law, a Pharisee; 6 as to zeal, a persecutor of the church; as to righteousness under the law, blameless. 7 But whatever gain I had, I counted as loss for the sake of Messiah. 8 Indeed, I count everything as loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Messiah Jesus my Lord. For his sake I have suffered the loss of all things and count them as rubbish, in order that I may gain Messiah 9 and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which comes through faith in Messiah, the righteousness from God that depends on faith- 10 that I may know him and the power of his resurrection, and may share his sufferings, becoming like him in his death, 11 that by any means possible I may attain the resurrection from the dead. Phil 3:4-11 (ESV) adapted